Why Seeing (The Unexpected) Is Often Not Believing : NPR. Union College psychology professor Chris Chabris and his students staged an outdoor fight to study inattentional blindness.
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Watch our most popular videos, original series, 360° VR videos, and more only available at Huffington Post. · Two psychologists have been conducting experiments on inattentional blindness — how people fail to see things in front of them when they're focused on.
Matt Milless/Union College. Matt Milless/Union College. Union College psychology professor Chris Chabris and his students staged an outdoor fight to study inattentional blindness. Matt Milless/Union College. Two months ago, on a wooded path in upstate New York, a psychologist named Chris Chabris strapped a video camera to a 2. For close to two years Chabris, who teaches at Union College, had been conducting this same experiment.
He did the experiment at night, in the afternoon, with women, with men. All were told to run after the jogger and watch him. The goal of all this was to answer a question: Is it possible to see something really, really obvious and not perceive it?
But for Chabris and his co- researcher, psychologist Daniel Simons at the University of Illinois, this wasn't just some abstract scientific inquiry. They wanted to know for a reason. Chabris and Simons were trying to understand whether a Boston police officer named Kenneth Conley had been wrongly convicted of lying.
What happened to Conley was the inspiration for their experiment. The Case That Inspired The Experiment. The case of Kenneth Conley began late one night in January of 1. Boston police department got a radio call that an officer had been shot and four black suspects were fleeing by car. Boston police officer Kenneth Conley was convicted of perjury and obstruction of justice because he claimed not to have seen a brutal police beating as he chased a murder suspect.
The conviction was later overturned, but a new study re- examines his claim. Courtesy of Kenny Conley. Courtesy of Kenny Conley. Dick Lehr is a former Boston Globe reporter who wrote a book about what happened, and he says that this call triggered a huge response from the department.
Reportedly, one of their own officers was down."Cops were flying in from all over," Lehr says. There were more than 2. The police cruisers followed the suspects all over town, until finally the chase came to a screeching halt at the end of a cul- de- sac, and all four suspects jumped from the car to run in different directions. The first officer out of his car to chase the fleeing suspects was an undercover policeman named Michael Cox. Cox was a black officer who worked in the gang unit, which meant that he was not in uniform, but in plain clothes. And unfortunately, in the dark and the chaos of the night, a group of officers getting out of their cars mistook policeman Cox for one of the fleeing suspects, and went after him."Suddenly he's hit in the head from behind," Lehr says. And they do a Rodney King on him.
He's beaten in the head, and beaten on all fours, he's down and the cops are whaling away on him."Enter Conley, the police officer who ultimately inspired Chabris and Simons' experiments. Conley is in his car when he spots one of the suspects making a get away and decides to go after him. He leaps from his car and gives chase, and in his pursuit, runs directly in front of the beating of Cox. There is some controversy about exactly how close Conley came to the beating, but all parties agree that he was fairly close."Common sense would say that he had to see something," Lehr says. Watch Monster Pies 4Shared.
Whether it's two feet away or five yards away, [the beating] is in his area, his radar, so to speak."Shortly after Conley ran by, the police officers beating Cox realized that they had made a terrible mistake, and the beating stopped. But the officers didn't rush in to help their victim."Those cops sort of disappeared into the shadows of the night," Lehr says. Another twist in the case of Kenneth Conley was the testimony of Robert "Smut" Brown. He was one of the murder suspects (though eventually acquitted) that Conley and the other police officers were chasing on the night Michael Cox was beaten, and a key eyewitness for the prosecution in Conley's original perjury trial in 1. On the witness stand in Conley's trial, Brown recalled running from the police, and looking back to see the beating of Cox.
He said he saw a "tall, white cop" standing near the scrum of people. Minutes later, he was arrested by Conley, who also happens to be tall and white. But the prosecution never actually asked Brown to point out the cop he'd seen near the beating in the courtroom that day. And the prosecution and the defense never clarified that Brown had actually seen two different officers in those moments: one near the beating, and one who arrested him. The first one was never identified, but the second was indeed Conley.
In 2. 00. 6, while in prison for a drug charge, Brown told Dick Lehr, a former reporter at the. Boston Globe, that he had actually tried to tell authorities that the police officer he'd seen by the beating on that frenetic night wasn't Conley. Brown said he told an FBI agent on the day he gave his testimony that he'd seen the other officer in the courthouse hallway. But he said the FBI agent told him he was mistaken. That FBI agent, Kimberly Mc. Allister, told the Globe she did not recall Brown saying that.
By the time Brown's account came to light, Conley's conviction had already been overturned on the basis of other evidence withheld by the prosecution, and the government had decided not to retry him. In 2. 00. 6, Conley rejoined Boston's police force, where he still works today.—Lindsay Totty. Watch A Time To Kill Online Freeform on this page. As you might expect, this became a huge scandal. There were investigations and more investigations but no police officer would talk.
None of the officers present that night would admit that they had participated in the beating of Michael Cox. No officer would admit they'd even seen the beating of Michael Cox."There were like 2. Lehr says. "[And they all said], 'I was over here, I don't know what happened, I didn't see anything, all I know is that we found Mike there.'""The official explanation for Mike's extensive injuries which kept him out of work for six months was that he had slipped on ice," Lehr says. Was Conley Telling The Truth? In fact, the only person to admit to being near the beating was Conley. He told everyone he was right there. But like the others, he insisted he hadn't seen a thing."Conley kept saying over and over again, 'I didn't see anything, I don't know why I didn't see anything, I wish I had seen something,'" Lehr says.
But the investigators didn't believe Conley. They thought he was lying to protect his fellow officers. Conley was indicted for perjury and obstruction of justice. At trial he was convicted and sentenced to 3. When psychologists Chabris and Simons first heard about Conley, they were intrigued. They do research on something called inattentional blindness, or how people fail to see things that are directly in front of them when they're focused on something else.
And in Conley they felt they had found a compelling example. They started pointing to Conley's case in lectures, and writing about him in their books.
He became their poster child. But through all this, both say, there was always a little nagging worry. Chabris says most of their research on inattentional blindness is done in a lab, in front of computers. And I had always worried that the generalization we were trying to make that the Conley case was a real- world example of inattentional blindness might not be true," he says. And so they decided to re- enact as closely as possible what happened to Conley in 1.
The Crime Simulation.